Human Papillomavirus
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sextually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. There were about 43 million HPV infections in 2018, many among people in their late teens and early twenties. As with other STDs, HPV can be passed between sexually active adults via vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Infection with HPV
Most people infected with HPV will have no symptoms but in cases where symptoms do appear, genital warts may occur :
- In women, genital warts appear mostly on the vulva but can also occur near the anus, on the cervix or in the vagina.
- In men, genital warts appear on the penis and scrotum or around the anus. Genital warts rarely cause discomfort or pain, though they may itch or feel tender.
When to see your doctor
Make an appointment to see your doctor if you notice any warts in the genital area or if you experience itching, rashing or unusual discharge.
You should also make an appointment to see your doctor to get tested for STI’s if any former recent sexual partners have tested positive for any STI, including HPV.
Treatment
HPV is a virus, therefore there is no treatment for it. However, your health provider can prescribe medications to help with genital warts and other symptomatic issues.
Testing for an STI
Regular testing for an STI is the single best way to find out if you have been infected. Because the most commonly transmitted STIs do not always have symptoms, testing may be the only way to determine if you carry the infection. Routine STI testing is particularly important if:
- You’re in a new relationship with a new partner.
- You’re sexually active but not in a mutually monogamous relationship.
- You exhibit any symptoms of a STI mentioned above such as: genital itching, rashes in the genital area or abnormal discharge
Avoiding STIs
- Condom usage – the most common STIs are transmitted via sexual contact and bodily secretions. Condoms are one of the most effective ways of reducing your risk of infection
- Sex toys – If you use sex toys, it is best not to share them
- Regular STI testing -Get tested regularly, at least once every 6 months if you are a sexually active adult.
Cervical cancer and HPV
Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by HPV infections. That is why getting vaccinated against HPV is your best protection from cervical cancer.
Who should get vaccinated:
- All preteens (including boys and girls) starting at ages 11 or 12 years should get vaccinated.
- Adults up to 26 years old should get vaccinated, if not vaccinated already.
- For women older than 26 years old, regular and routine pap smear testing is recommended. A pap smear is a method of screening for cervical cancer.
