Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) in the United States are on the rise. Unfortunately, nationally reported cases of STI’s reached an all-time high in the year 2018.
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) the three most common sexually transmitted infections are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
These infections do not also present with symptoms but when they do, common symptoms of both include: Abnormal, discoloured discharge and a burning sensation when passing urine.
Treatment of these STI’s is usually a course of antibiotics.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is an STI that usually has no signs or symptoms. In cases where symptoms are experienced, this includes: Itching, burning or soreness of the genitals, painful urination and abnormal vaginal discharge.
Treatment of trichomoniasis is usually a course of antibiotics. Untreated, trichomonas can last for months or even years.
Genital herpes
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Common symptoms include pain, itching or discomfort in the genital area. Small red bumps or tiny white blisters may also be seen. These may appear a few days to a few weeks after infection.
Unfortunately, there is no cure for herpes. Antiviral medications can prevent or shorten outbreaks when taken.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore — typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth.
Common symptoms include: A rash that usually won’t itch, a high fever, swollen lymph glands or sore throat. These may appear a few weeks after infection.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a viral infection that commonly causes warts such as genital warts. Because some strains of the virus can lead to cancer, routine pap smear testing is recommended.
HIV/ AIDS
HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. Left untreated it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Symptoms of HIV will vary. Some people will experience flu-like symptoms a few weeks after infection. Over time, other symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats, muscle aches and swollen lymph nodes may appear.
See a healthcare provider immediately if you notice these symptoms or have reason to believe that you may have been exposed to HIV. Getting tested for HIV is the only way to know for sure.
Testing for a STI
All sexually active adults should get tested for STI’s on a regular basis. Even if you do not have symptoms, routine STI testing is mandatory for good health. STI testing is particularly important if:
- You’re in a new relationship with a new partner.
- You’re sexually active but not in a mutually monogamous relationship.
- You exhibit symptoms of a STI mentioned above such as: genital itching, rashes in the genital area or abnormal discharge
Treatment of an STI
Treatment options will depend on the specific STI identified. In some cases a course of antibiotics is all that is needed while other STI’s require more detailed treatment.
Untreated STI’s
Women are particularly susceptible to long term complications of STI’s. An untreated or undiagnosed STI can lead to fertility problems in the future. Women with any of the symptoms mentioned above or those falling into one of the higher risk groups discussed should make an appointment to get tested.
